In the analysis of mass dictatorship, definitions of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes are compared. Totalitarianism is marked by its intent to transform a society fundamentally. Unlike authoritarian ones, totalitarianism follows an idealized vision, relying on propaganda and social engineering to shape society. Additionally, populism presents a political approach that manipulates the image of the lower class against the elite. It therefore also serves as a powerful tool in both authoritarian and democratic contexts. On the other hand, populism is also a symptom of political instability, especially in African democracies. Both texts how ideology reinforces control over people, whether in totalitarian or populistic contexts.